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Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg (born March 15, 1933) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Ginsburg was appointed by President Bill Clinton and took the oath of office on August 10, 1993. She is the second female justice (after Sandra Day O'Connor) and the first Jewish female justice. She is generally viewed as belonging to the liberal wing of the Court. Before becoming a judge, Ginsburg spent a considerable portion of her legal career as an advocate for the advancement of women's rights as a constitutional principle. She advocated as a volunteer lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union and was a member of its board of directors and one of its general counsel in the 1970s. She was a professor at Rutgers School of Law–Newark and Columbia Law School. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter appointed her to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. ==Early life and education== Born in Brooklyn, New York City, Ruth Joan Bader was the second daughter of Nathan and Celia (''née'' Amster) Bader, Russian immigrants, who lived in the Flatbush neighborhood.〔"Book Discussion on ''Sisters in Law''" Presenter: Linda Hirshman, author. Politics and Prose Bookstore. BookTV, Washington. 2015-09-03. 27 minutes in. Retrieved 12 September 2015 (C-Span website )〕 The Bader's older daughter died when Ruth was still young. The family nicknamed Ruth "Kiki". They belonged to the East Midwood Jewish Center, where she took her religious confirmation seriously. At age thirteen, Ruth acted as the "camp rabbi" at a Jewish summer program at Camp Che-Na-Wah in Minerva, New York.〔 Her mother took an active role in her education, taking her to the library often. Bader attended James Madison High School, whose law program later dedicated a courtroom in her honor. Her mother struggled with cancer throughout Ruth's high school years and died the day before her graduation.〔 She graduated from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where she was a member of Alpha Epsilon Phi, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in government on June 23, 1954. In fall 1956, she enrolled at Harvard Law School, where she was one of nine women in a class of about 500. When her husband took a job in New York City, she transferred to Columbia Law School and became the first woman to be on two major law reviews, the ''Harvard Law Review'' and the ''Columbia Law Review''. In 1959 she earned her Bachelor of Laws at Columbia and tied for first in her class.〔〔Toobin, Jeffrey (2007). ''The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court'', New York, Doubleday, p. 82. ISBN 978-0-385-51640-2〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ruth Bader Ginsburg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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